1.名词性从句的who前不先行词.定语从句反之1

家分享,共同借鉴.1.强势教风, 在甲级联赛中呈现的一些较高超的教学艺术性有须要提出来与大家分享,独特鉴戒1.强势教风,强势语语言气.音调,音量.说话就要当课堂上的武则天,军令如山,指挥若定,不容许学生偷勤,不许可学生回避艰苦,在教师的语气之间,教师的心情之间,要向学生通报出一种信息:你必需随着我往前冲!声音强势,让听者不会打打盹儿,不会走神.,强势教风来意自自信念,激情,聪明,艺术.来自教师的气魄,乃至是来自本性性情.两军相遇勇者胜,失败只因心太软.这种强势不是每一个人都市有的.强势教风是紧紧控制先生的主导权，指挥权的须要，是课堂教学依照既定的偏向和效力发展的需要。就象唱歌，你必须精神丰满，声情并茂，纵情施展。所谓强势教风就是象歌手比赛登台时的那种应有的意志，信心，气慨，浪漫艺术。别人瞥见花感到象看见木头一样平庸，歌手看见花却要冲动，要引吭高歌。让人感动，让风感动，让树激动，让草感动。老师就是要让学生打动。强势教风就是歌手比赛唱歌，要有精神气势，要有魄力，要刚强豪情，生动艺术。2．教学灵性是此次联赛中的第二种宝贵的教学艺术。所谓灵性重要是环绕着教养后果性，活泼性，意见意义性开展的，是个人研究后搞出来的小把戏，小戏剧，小笑话。如陶小玲老师在报告定冠词指的东西是发言人跟听话民气目中都很明确的东西，她就请肖叶华上台与她演出递那本近在眼前，双方都明白知道所指的书：please pass me the book.这就是把形象观点详细情景化，活跃化的艺术。这比单授课很多多少了。 这样的小花招小戏剧是需要灵性的，需要个人机动，居心去想措施。pass me the book.与pass me a book ,有什么区别呢？pass me the book.是请把面前说话人，听话人两边都确定的那本书递给我。而pass me a book 是随意递一本书给我。这本书说话人是不明确的，任凭听话人到那边，弄什么书来递给我都可以，是书就行。定冠词的总准则应该是：说话人和听话人都明确确定的对象物。我认为应该给定冠词应用法则总结的第一点就是：1、第一次听话人不知道这个东西，如：i have a book。 i bought a computer yesterday。i‘ll introduce a beautiful girl to you 。这书，这电脑，这英俊女孩都是听话人完整不知道不认识的。是第一次会晤。这美丽女孩在介绍人介绍给你之前是不确定的类指，但人家伐柯人介绍给你之后，第二次就马上变成确定的将要和你谈工具的女孩了，你就不能再用a,an了，i‘ll introduce a beautiful girl to you。the girl will be your girlfriend 。a girl 没被你认识之前是与你没有关系的泛指，在大巷上谋面都不会拍板打召唤的。但在带到你跟前，介绍过你意识过之后，她就不是泛指，而是已经走进你的心目中，被你存眷，被你评估，被你花心理去和她说话，与她交换的特指的女孩了a girl 在介绍过一次之后就应该用the girl，不能再用a girl了。那书，那电脑也象这个女孩子一样，介绍过给你就是心目中明确的特指了。the book is very interesting 。the computer is very cheap 。所以，第一点也是契合“说话人和听话人双方心目中都清晰明确所指的东西用定冠词这一总原则。第二点最难，第一次出现就要用the，为什么呢？因为它不用介绍人介绍，我们早就心知肚明十分熟悉了。如本班同窗熟悉的本班教室，第一次介绍已成过剩，它早已在我们的心目中：is there anyone in the classroom？the teacher wrote down something on the blackboard 。i must get up early to catch the first bus 。本班的教室，黑板，第一班公车都属于不必先容就心知肚明的熟悉特指对象。 至于说地球，太阳，玉轮，长城，长江，黄河，那是全天下的人都知道，已满意了“说话人听话人心目中都明确所指”这一条件。 定语从句的先行词应该也属于“听话人谈话人心目中都明确的对象物”这一特点，可以演绎为定冠词那一类。二．新手教师问: it seems tha it is going to rain。这是主语从句，为什么不是表语从句，贫苦哪位知道的给我说明下下，谢谢英语专家谭老师回答：it seems that it is going to rain .是表语从句.因为it不可能是形式主语,如果it is going to rain 是主语从句的话,主句的表语就是空的，没有一个单词：. that it is going to rain seems 。这句子显著不通。 如果it seems 后面有形容词或名词当表语再跟that从句的话,那it就肯定是形式主语,那句子才肯定是主语从句,.如it seems strange that the girl should not cry so loudly. it seems a lucky day that i will win it是不是情势主语,可以用代数的代入法来检修,用that从句取代it.那上面的例子就变成:that it is going to rain seems.这个句子是不通的,那么我可以很负义务地说,it在此处肯定不是形式主语代替背面的that主语从句.而是象表示气象,间隔,价钱,的独破主语,那应该是表语从句.我们用代入法来测验,句子是能建立的,那才是主语从句:that she should keep silent when everybody is looking at her seems strange 三. 伍老师问:有没有下列这种”就近原则”的新用法::where is your mother and sisters? 你妈妈和你姐妹到哪儿去了? is your sister and her husband coming to see you?你姐姐和姐夫要来看你吗?one in ten are expected to take part in the contest. 预计每十个人就有一个要来参加这次竞赛。英语专家谭老师回答:伍老师这种句子在英美确实有人用,但不宜倡导模拟.对学生以不提这种句子为好 四. 英语专家谭老师回答he lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up.这段话的过去分词，当初分词与身体团体还是部门人体器官没必定关系,而主要看分词与被修饰名词之间是动宾关系还是主谓关系,如该分词与被润饰名代词之间是动宾关系的话，那肯定是被动的，应该用从前分词，如果是主谓关系的话.则是主动的，应该用现在分词：he stood there 。he set his teeth 。he clenched his hand ，his eyes looked straight up，his body was trembling 。he closed his mouth .那就应该酿成：he stood there ，his teeth set，his hand clenched ，his eyes looking straight up，his body trembling 。his mouth closed。. 独立主格的过去分词都是表示被动，他崩紧了他的牙齿----他的牙齿被崩紧了；他抓紧了他的拳头，他的拳头被抓紧到一团；他闭住了嘴巴，他的嘴巴被关上了。别的主谓关系的都是自动，用现在分词。这与身材整体还是部分人体器官无关。我们中文陈述这些句子时被动的概念并不显明：他崩紧牙齿，他牙齿崩紧，他放松拳头，他拳头抓紧，他紧闭嘴巴，他嘴巴紧闭。好象都没有效“被”字。但在英语里它们确切是动宾关系，宾语是被做的，不是主谓关联。五.评讲教师教案中涌现的题目: try to do sth.与try doing sth的区别:前者是尽力去做,是全力以赴争夺胜利的,后者是偿试做某事,往往有二种做法供挑选,不是尽力以赴的,是"摸着石头过河",并没指望一定会成功,而是一发明不当就立刻更换另一种做法..1.the door is closed,you can try _____(go) to the back door .(前门后门两种取舍)(2.you often go to school on foot.why not try _____(go) to school by bus?(走路坐公车两种选择)3.i tried ______(persuat)my father to buy me a computer,but failed.(全力以赴要电脑)(4.i tried______(open) the door ,but my key was broken . . (全力以赴要进门) 2.be famous as, be known as ,be famous for ,be known for ,be famous in,be known in ,在上述短语中famous与known雷同。be famous as, be known as后面接相称于主语同位语的词为宾语。如广州是羊城，昆明是春城。羊城，春城前面就应该用be famous as, be known as。be famous for, be known for后面接主语借以闻名的原因。如广州因美食而出名。刘翔因跑步而知名，广西因刘三姐而著名(刘三姐不是广西的同义词,是广西出名的原因)。be famous in, be known in ,表示在什么范畴有名。如全省驰名，全村著名，全校闻名，全班闻名。1）he is famous ____ number 1 in running all over the world .2) he is famous ____ his running in the olympic.3) he is famous ____ our school .3.be sure to do sth.是主语被人家相信会发生某事.be sure of doing sth.是主语自信本人能做某事.如:he is sure to win in this game .(各人信任他这场比赛必定会赢)he is sure of his winning in the game.(他自负他这次比赛一定会赢.)he told his son that he was sure ___(live) 200 years old in the future .the newspaper reportrd that he was sure ______(live) 200yrears old . 4.be afraid to do sth. 是由于胆子小而"不敢"be afraid of doing sth.是惧怕某事的客观成果不好,倒霉.虽然二者都可以翻译为"畏惧"但前者重在主观胆量小而"不敢"象"不敢看老师的眼睛""不敢吵醒丈夫,害怕被他骂."后者重在怕客观效果欠好.象"害怕吵醒婴儿"(肯定不会是不敢吵醒婴儿),"害怕被批驳"凡被动的肯定要用be afraid of doing sth."因为被动的肯定是客观后果,肯定不是"不敢做某事.she was afraid ______(enter) the house,for he was afraid ______(be) biten by the dog .5.some ,any在用于疑问句时的差别:any用于疑问句是事先一点儿情况也不了解,对将要得到的回答是肯定还是否认也是一点儿情况也不知道.而some用于疑问句则是事先了解情况,盼望得到肯定的回答.比方:is there any student in the classroom?(当时不懂得情形,对课堂"有`"仍是没有人"一点情况也不知道.are there some students in the classroom?why not ask them for help?"(明显知玄门室有人,是明知故问. 另有请客用饭,请人帮助肯定要用讲义中的肯定回答.would you like to have some milk? would you like to lend me some money ?宴客吃饭,请人帮忙肯定需要得到肯定回答.如用any就显得不敷诚意了.6.今早有人问到must的反意疑难句,其时急着上课,没回答就关了.现在找不到,在这里回答吧.我记得只有两个是不用must反诘的.1.表示猜想不用must来充当反意疑问句.用must后面谁人词.如:he must be a teacher,is he?he must have gone to work ,has he ?2.表示必要性的否定回答:you must go to music lessons now,needn't you?除上述两种情况外,其它都用must7.费安娜公主 08:41:59谭老师，早上好，有个问题想求教，如果是差不多期中 *** 大概期末 *** ，有些学生过来上课补习，为的就是行将参加的 *** 试有所进步，但是他们基础很差，那，应该如何领导才干有吹糠见米的收益？谭答:挑一些典型又重点的中 *** 题,期 *** 题来做.研讨中 *** 期 *** 题,先挑主要的来讲费安娜公主 08:54:21要是门生词汇量很少，而且认为背单词很难，自己不主动学习，那么，即便语法题对多了，也只是一分一题，对于阅读、首字母填空、作文，仍然一筹莫展，对这样的学生，怎么疾速提分？谭答:可练一下简略的作文和有逻辑思维典范特点的浏览懂得题.如练习缭绕主题辨别表象与本质:象项链>一文,主题是讥讽爱虚荣的女人爱到大众舞会上去展示自己的舞姿.她固然是无比想去参加舞会.但文中说她接到请贴后表示她不会戴花去加入舞会.因为她没有珠宝,所以她不去参加舞会了.说她不参加舞会,那肯定是假象,不是实质.所以你应该断定"她异常想去参加舞会"是正确的,"她不想去参加舞会."是不正确的.相似如许的深档次逻辑思维训练,是我们应该举行的. 又如归纳综合主题.什么是钢笔?假如你总结说"用来写字的工具就是钢笔."那规模太大了,羊毫,粉笔也是写字东西啊."你应该说"笔尖是金属做的,吸墨水来写字的笔是钢笔"才是准确的选择. 诸如斯类的逻辑头脑训练,是要靠小我私家灵性总结去开辟的,现成教材肯定没有此方面的内容.就象你怎样想点小花招去搞活讲堂氛围,增添学习兴致,课本是没有现成谜底的,端赖个人灵性8.谭出功课题:. *** 大家一些基本常识:用宾语从句翻译下列句子括号中的汉语::18)do you know ________(咱们应该怎么叫这种花)?19)can you answer me ____(我怎么能去到火车站)?20)i want to ask you ______(你多大了)?21.can you tell me ______(发生什么事了)?用what,that,which,,whether,why,where,when填空22)______ you went made her angry .23)______you gave her made her angry .24)_____ you will go makes no difference .25) i don’t care ____ you will marry . . 26) i don’t care ____ you will go .27)____ she was crying remains a secret 28)____ she is staying is still a question . . . 大沥伍珍君(1070904314) 11:27:26 我先做下，嘿嘿18)do you know _how we should call this flower___(我们应该怎么叫这种花)? 19)can you answer me _how i can get to the railway station___(我怎么能去到火车站)? 20)i want to ask you _how old you are____(你多大了)? 21.can you tell me _what happened_____(发生什么事了)? 用what,that,which,,whether,why,where,when填空 22)_that/why_ you went made her angry . 23)__what____you gave her made her angry . 24)__whether___ you will go makes no difference . 25) i don’t care _who/where/when___ you will marry . . 26) i don’t care _when/where___ you will go . 27)_why___ she was crying remains a secret 28)_where__ she is staying is still a question . . . 10:46:22 看来还是伍珍君是最英勇的.精力可嘉!下面评讲一下: 18)do you know _how we should call this flower___(我们应该怎么叫这种花)? 19)can you answer me _how i can get to the railway station___(我怎么能去到火车站)? 20)i want to ask you _how old you are____(你多大了)? 21.can you tell me _what happened_____(产生什么事了)? 用 what,that,which,,whether,why,where,when填空 22)_that/why_ you went made her angry . 23)__what____you gave her made her angry . 24) __whether___ you will go makes no difference . 25) i don’t care _who/where/when___ you will marry . . 26) i don’t care _when/where___ you will go . 27)_why___ she was crying remains a secret 28)_where__ she is staying is still a question . . 谭老师评点伍珍君老师作业：18题应该用 what,不能用how.为什么,我们可以还原陈说句就可以决议疑问句:we call the flower rose "rose"是名词,我们就只能用what来发问名词,不能用how.how是提问副词,形容词的.19,20,21伍老师答复正确.21题还可说成"can you tell me what was the matter ."当市肆有人辩论时,世人围观时,都常常用what is the matter?而what is the matter?等于what is wrong? "the matter指的是乱子,麻烦.不是实体的名词什物.所以what is the matter?等于what is wrong?一样是畸形词序,不是疑问句词序.22题以填that为准确，填w疑问词是分歧适的。原因在于我们教师与学生都轻易混杂主语从句与定语从句，状语从句的区别。定语从句不能用what引导，而名词性从句可以用what引导，也可以用that来引导，what在名词性从句中充任主语如宾语，that在名词性从句中不充当句子成份。that领导的名词性从句都是完整无缺的，主句都是确定性质的，如that you won is true 。"is true"就是主句是确定性子的.在主语从句里,只有that,what能用于主句是确定性质的主语从句中.而who,whether只能用于主句是不确定性质的主语从句中.什么叫"主句是不确定性质?有以下句型:1.用not来表示不确定的有be not known/decided/clear/sure/等.2.用肯定句来表示不确定的有:is still a question;makes no difference; depends on the weather...等未几的多少个句型. 例如:whether he will come is clear .良多人都晓得这个句子不妥."他去不去"只能是"还不明白/还不知道/还没决定""去不去"本身就是不确定的,怎么能"已经知道"呢?但who will come has been decided.很多人就会以为这个句子是正确的.起因是与who引导的定语从句混淆了.the person who will come has been decided.句子是正确的,因为定语从句的先行词都是确定特指的,而少了the person先行词的主语从句的who也象whether一样,这个词自身就是有疑问,不确定的.不能用于主句不肯定的句子.who引导的名词性从句却往往翻译为”谁”，而定语从句则往往翻译为:”……..的人”如:who will be chosen as our monitor is not known .谁将入选我们的班长还不知道呢.the person who is chosen as our monitor is miss wu .那个中选为我们班长的人是伍 *** .但凡主句谓语动词是确定已知性质的主语,我们都应该选定语从句,不应选who引导的主语从句.不但whether,who引导的主语从句应该用在主句是不确定未知性质的句型中,why,where,when,how引导的主语从句也大多是用在主句是不确定,未知的句型中,因为这些词究竟包括着疑问的不确定因素.如:1.why he kept silent on that is still a secret .比较:the reason why he kept silent on that is that his wife stopped him talking.(主句确定已知我们应该选定语从句为主语,不应选w疑问词引导的主语从句)2.where we should go is still a question .对照:the city where we should go is guangzhou .3.when she will be married is not known.对比:the date when she will be married has been decided. 主语从句与定语从句的区别,是我们应该穷究而明确的语言难点.22题以that为佳 why不妥.来由如上. 23,27,28回答正确!24.whether,where,when都可以.25.where,when语法上讲得通,但在现真相理中以选who为最佳最保险."我不在乎你嫁给谁."最事实公道."我不在乎你在那结婚,在什么时间完婚."语法通,但现实不适用,以不选为好.26.加上whether才最完善. 9.用who引导的名词性从句与定语从句的区别: 1.名词性从句的who前没有先行词.定语从句反之1)the girl who is chosen is very happy.(2)who is chosen is not known.2).who引导的名词性从句却往往翻译为”谁”，而定语从句则往往翻译为:”……..的人” 3.who引导的主语从句每每与未知不确定的主句连用,如be not known/decided/clear/sure/ 肯定句表示不确定的有:is still a question.makes no difference,; depends on the weather.等.不单是who,象whether ,where ,when ,why ,how都实用于这个与”未知不确定”的主句连用特点.而who引导的定语从句都是确定的，不会与”未知不确定”的主句连用。(3)who will be chosen is not known .(4)the girl who was chosen yesterday is my sister .有一个主人接待客人。一些客人来了，他说，“该来的没来。”成果已经来了的一些人以为他们是“不该来的已经来了”于是走了。那主人又说“不应走的又走了。”结果还在现场的人认为他们是“该走的没有走”，于是又走了。这些“没来”“走了”都是确定的，不属于who引导的未知不确定的主句性质，所以它不能用who引导的名词性从句，必须要用定语从句。那这主人说的话用英语来表白就是“the persons who should come haven‘t come 。”“the persons who should not leave have left 。那客人遐想到的就是：“the persons who should not come have come。”“the persons who should leave haven‘t left 。”训练：用名词性从句或定语从句翻译下列句子：6）最后谁赢还不知道呢？7）该赢的没赢，不该赢的又赢了。8）该受表彰的没得到表扬。9）谁该被表扬依然是个问题。10).用whether, where ,when ,why, how, which引导的主语从句的特色:1.只能与”未知不断定”的主句连用.2.句子意思存在疑问因素,要依据句意选相应的疑问引诱词.如无疑问，主句又是确定的，就肯定是选that.如1)______the president was hit by a shoe in the hall yesterday was quite funny .句子完全无疑问,主句“was quite funny”属于肯定，所以必需要用that引导.2) ______the president was hit by a shoe in the hall yesterday was not known .” was not known”就属于主句”未知不确定的”确定不能用that,从句不缺时间,地点,方法,或”那一个”,那就排除了when, where ,how ,which,只能用whether, why这两个词.此中又以whether为最佳。3) ____ he lives is still a question .” is still a question”属于”主句未知不确定”从句“he lives”属于不完整,所以肯定不能用that,与从句谓语live相干,就应该是缺所在状语,用where引导才正确.10)______he is late is a riddle.. 11)______ he will go has not been decided .12)_______i will marry is not known ..13)______the accident happened is not clear ..11.教师 *** 试之后的评讲:1）the thief try （opening；to open）the door。许多高手都选opening ，错了。try to do sth.是全力以赴，一定要到达目的。小偷当然是二心要入屋，不是偿试，半心半意要进门。try doing sth.是有二种抉择对比的“偿试做某事”。2）. if you plant watermelomn seed in the spring,you （will be eating）fresh watermelon in the fall.前提句是现在时，那表示的肯定是将来时。will do，will be doing两者的区别在于:"will eat"表示的是一种趋势，而"will be eating"表示的是一种状况。我将两种情况给你翻译下你就能领会到了：if you plant watermelomn seed in the spring,you will eat fresh watermelon in the fall.如果你春天种西瓜，那么你秋天就有西瓜吃了。if you plant watermelomn seed in the spring,you will be eating fresh watermelon in the fall.如果你春天种西瓜，那么你就能在秋日享受着新颖的西瓜了。 3）believe it or not 19. playing on a frozen sports field sounds like a lot of fun. isn'titratherrisky, __9 a. though b. also c. either d.too 为什么选a？though除了象although一样可以当连词表现"固然"转折意思,还可以做副词，指“然而”，语气很轻,很悠扬,但也是转折的意思:"但是"类似however.he said he would come, he didn't, though.他说过他会来,然而没来.(语气轻,没有责备的意思)句中的though不能调换成although。牢固句型, not ......either是"也.....不"you are not american,i'm not either ."31题中不两者都不的否定,isn't it rather risky, 不是否定,而是语气很强的肯定.即是it is rather risky,though=however,it is rather risky .=but it is rather risky . 4）(what,whatever,how,however) a serious problem you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge为什么选however？how serious a problem we have!与whast a serious problem we have!是感慨句,感叹都是对究竟的感叹,是不用非事实的情态动词may的.以是这二者都应排除.however a serious problem you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.表示让步:无论你碰到多重大的问题,你都应该鼓足勇气去面临挑衅. 如果我们对迁移转变,妥协,感叹这三种句型我们都熟习的话.这一道题是不应当大面积的教师错的. 再增强训练一下,省得下次再错:1.(a.what,b.whatever,c.how,d.however)a hard life i am living.i really want to die .2.(a.what,b.whatever,c.how,d.however)a hard life i may live ,i'll smile .3(a.what,b.whatever,c.how,d.however)a hard life i am living.i'll smile ,isn't it hard to live every day ?______( a. though b. also c. either d. too) 15:05:34 1.he is rich.isn't he unhappy _________( a. though b. also c. either d. too)?2..(a.what,b.whatever,c.how,d.however)a rich man he may be,he should keep the law .3.(a.what,b.whatever,c.how,d.however)a rich man he is.i don't love him ___( a. though b. also c. either d. too). 12. 15:16:18 if you plant watermelon seeds in the spring, you __ fresh watermelon in the fall. a. eat b. would eat c. have eaten d. will be eating原来这个句型用will eat最好,但没有will eat怎么办?用排除法:条件状语的个别时表示将来时,完成时表示未来实现时.那排除would eat;if you plant in the spring,you will be able to eat in the fall .肯定是将来时,那eat; have eaten显然都不合乎时光生长逻辑,那就剩下will be eating了. 13. 15:26:40 that is the only way to study english well .这是way的常用句型.我们应该背熟这些常用句型.that is the only way to reduce the overuse of water in students' bathroom.是我们应该抓住的句子主要含意.捉住了句子的主要含意,我们就能够消除we can imagin 定语从句的陷井烦扰了.抓住句子主张也是我们排除干扰的一个方式. . 14. 15:31:14 imagine doing sth 也是一个句型,但此句的imagine的宾语是 the way句子主要含意是:we can imagine the way to reduce the overuse of water . 15. 15:44:00 最不应该错的是很多妙手都在try to open the door 与try opening the door的区别上犯错.我在评讲东康局部老师的教案时就评讲过这个问题.try to do sth.=try one's best to do sth.是全力以赴,力图达到目标.try to do不是"尝试",是"尽力".许多老师认为"小偷试着打开门"是没有错的,但全部句子的语气逻辑错误啊.小偷要进门偷货色怎么会是半心半意的实验呢,肯定是全力以赴翻开门,努力去偷到东西才吻合语气逻辑请求啊 .我的其他文章：

  
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